Management Sciences
A. Adeniran; S. O. Fadare
Abstract
The study examines the relationship between passengers’ satisfaction and service quality in MMIA. The sample size for the study is a total of three hundred and eighty-four (384), meanwhile, 58.3 percent of response rate was valid for data analysis. 49.1 percent valid questionnaire responses were ...
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The study examines the relationship between passengers’ satisfaction and service quality in MMIA. The sample size for the study is a total of three hundred and eighty-four (384), meanwhile, 58.3 percent of response rate was valid for data analysis. 49.1 percent valid questionnaire responses were obtained from the international terminal while 50.9 percent valid questionnaire responses were obtained from the domestic terminal. From the survey, the majority of the respondent was male representing 62.5 percent. From correlation analysis, about 71.1 percent of all service dimensions give a positive and very strong correlation, while about 18.4 percent of all service dimensions give a positive and strong correlation, also about 7.9 percent of all service dimensions give a positive and weak correlation, and about 2.6 percent of all service dimensions give a positive and very weak correlation. Efficiency of available public transport options is the only service with a very weak correlation. The study also revealed that there is a relationship between passengers’ satisfaction and service quality at P.value less than 0.05. This signifies that service quality leads to passengers’ satisfaction. It is therefore suggested that airport services should be quality so as to have a corresponding effect on high passengers’ satisfaction.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
F. Z. Montazeri
Abstract
One of the best techniques for evaluating the performance of organizations is data envelopment analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for evaluating the performance of decision-making units (DMUs) that recognizes the relative performance of DMUs based on mathematical programming. ...
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One of the best techniques for evaluating the performance of organizations is data envelopment analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for evaluating the performance of decision-making units (DMUs) that recognizes the relative performance of DMUs based on mathematical programming. The classic DEA model was initially formulated for optimal inputs and outputs, But in real-world problems, the values observed from input and output data are often ambiguous and random. In fact, decision-makers may be faced with a specific hybrid environment where there are fuzziness and randomness in the problem. To overcome this problem, data envelopment analysis models in the random fuzzy environment have been proposed. Although the DEA has many advantages, one of the disadvantages of this method is that the classic DEA does not actually give us a definitive conclusion and does not allow random changes in input and output. In this research data envelopment analysis models in fuzzy random environments is reviewed.
Inventory, logistics, and transportation
A. Adetayo Adeniran; K. Olufunto Adedotun
Abstract
Trend analysis of domestic air travel demand in Nigeria was examined based on yearly passenger demand from 2010 to 2017. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to forecast for twelve years (2018 to 2030) demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria. The demand for domestic air passenger ...
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Trend analysis of domestic air travel demand in Nigeria was examined based on yearly passenger demand from 2010 to 2017. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to forecast for twelve years (2018 to 2030) demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria. The demand for domestic air passenger in Nigeria from year 2010 to 2017 was compared with the forecast. There seems to be periods of fluctuations in the demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria from year 2010 to 2017 which are expected to have effect on the forecast of domestic air travel. Calculation and computation reveals that the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.203 which signifies a high error term such that the explanation level is very low; hence the prediction or forecast is unreliable. Despite the decline in the forecast of domestic air passenger demand in the future, and the fact that the forecast is unreliable, hence inconclusive as shown from the coefficient of determination, government agencies should be sensitive to the forecast and try to adopt new policies and strategies that will improve the demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria.
Engineering Optimization
S. Aluvihara; J. K. Premachandra
Abstract
Crude oil is a predominant natural resource and also it causes the metallic corrosion in the industry of crude oil refining due to some corrosive properties of crude oils. In the current research, it is expected to investigate the effect of such compounds of crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven ...
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Crude oil is a predominant natural resource and also it causes the metallic corrosion in the industry of crude oil refining due to some corrosive properties of crude oils. In the current research, it is expected to investigate the effect of such compounds of crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different types of ferrous metals which are frequently used in the crude oil refining industries. The sulfur content, salt content, acidity, and mercaptans content of each crude oil are determined in order to use XRF analyzer, salt analyzer, and titration methods. A set of equal size metal pieces are immersed in both crude oils separately for 15, 30, and 45 days and their corrosion rates are determined by using relative weight loss after these time periods while observing the corroded metal surface under the optical microscope, and the dissolved metal concentration in each crude oil sample is tested by the AAS. The hardness of each metal piece is tested before and after the immersion in crude oil with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. It is found that a higher amount of sulfur, acidity, and mercaptans and lower amount of salt present in Das blend than Murban. We have found there is some significant rate of corrosion from most of the metals and higher amount of dissolved metallic concentration in samples of both crude oils with respect to those metals. It is observed that there is a slight reduction in hardness of all metal pieces due to the corrosion.
Other
A. Y. Ali
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose a Six Sigma-DMAIC and food waste hierarchy-based framework that can be successfully implemented by Ethiopian University canteen managers to reduce food waste in a sustainable way. The importance of this research is twofold. First, the Six Sigma-DMAIC methodology is ...
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The aim of this paper is to propose a Six Sigma-DMAIC and food waste hierarchy-based framework that can be successfully implemented by Ethiopian University canteen managers to reduce food waste in a sustainable way. The importance of this research is twofold. First, the Six Sigma-DMAIC methodology is used to evaluate and improve the process to prevent food surplus and waste in the canteen. Second, other waste hierarchy options will be used to mitigate food waste problem in a sustainable way. This has a positive social, environmental, and economic implications.
Other
R. V. M. S. S. Kiran Kumar; G. Vindo Kumar; S. V. K. Verma
Abstract
This paper aimed to model and analyze the unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer stagnation point nanofluid flow over a non-linear stretching surface through porous medium with variable wall thickness. The effects of radiation, dissipation, and slip velocity are taken into account. The formulation of ...
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This paper aimed to model and analyze the unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer stagnation point nanofluid flow over a non-linear stretching surface through porous medium with variable wall thickness. The effects of radiation, dissipation, and slip velocity are taken into account. The formulation of the problem is made through Buongiorno’s model, which involves the aspects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The set of governing non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE’s) are solved numerically by using boundary value problem default solver in MATLAB bvp4c package. The impact of different flow quantities on fluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration are analyzed and examined through graphs. The physical parameters like friction factor coefficient , rates of heat transfer , and nanoparticle friction are derived and presented through tables. It is found that the wall thickness parameter depreciates the nanofluid velocity for and accelerates when . Also, the unsteadiness parameter shows a significant effect on the stagnation point flow.
Mathematical modelling
H. Saberi Najafi; A. Yaghoubi
Abstract
In this paper we construct Non-Standard finite difference schemes (NSFD) for numerical solution of nonlinear Lane-Emden type equations which are nonlinear ordinary dierential equations on semi-infinite domain. They are categorized as singular initial value problems. This equation describes a variety ...
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In this paper we construct Non-Standard finite difference schemes (NSFD) for numerical solution of nonlinear Lane-Emden type equations which are nonlinear ordinary dierential equations on semi-infinite domain. They are categorized as singular initial value problems. This equation describes a variety of phenomena in theoretical physics and astrophysics. The presented schemes are obtained by using the Non-Standard finite difference method. The use of NSFD method and its approximations play an important role for the formation of stable numerical methods. The main advantage of the schemes is that the algorithm is very simple and very easy to implement. Thus, this method may be applied as a simple and accurate solver for ODEs and PDEs and it can also be utilized as an accurate algorithm to solve linear and nonlinear equations arising in physics and other fields of applied mathematics. Illustrative examples have been discussed to demonstrate validity and applicability of the technique and the results have been compared with the exact solutions.
Other
R. V M S S Kiran Kumar; T. Chalapathi
Abstract
Let (Zn, +) be a finite group of integers modulo n and Dn a non-empty subset of Zn containing proper devisors of n. In this paper, we have introduced the difference divisor graph Diff (Zn, Dn) associated with Zn whose vertices coincide with Zn such that two distinct vertices are adjacent if and ...
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Let (Zn, +) be a finite group of integers modulo n and Dn a non-empty subset of Zn containing proper devisors of n. In this paper, we have introduced the difference divisor graph Diff (Zn, Dn) associated with Zn whose vertices coincide with Zn such that two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if either a-b belongs to Dn or b-a belongs to Dn . We have investigated its algebraic and graph theoretic properties. Further, we have proved that the difference divisor graph Diff (Zn, Dn) is not a Cayley graph.
Mathematical modelling
G. C. Sankad; P. S. Nagathan
Abstract
Incompressible Jeffrey fluid under peristalsis is considered into permeable conduit. Magnetic effect and slip effect are studied for this channel in the existence of wall slip and heat transfer. Time average velocity, heat transfer coefficient and temperature are obtained analytically underneath the ...
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Incompressible Jeffrey fluid under peristalsis is considered into permeable conduit. Magnetic effect and slip effect are studied for this channel in the existence of wall slip and heat transfer. Time average velocity, heat transfer coefficient and temperature are obtained analytically underneath the presumption of large wavelength approximation and also small Reynolds number. Effects of magnetic number, slip parameter, elasticity parameters and Brinkman number on coefficient of heat transfer and temperature field are graphically discussed. It is observed that in the case of temperature distribution the flow intensity enhances with rise in the Darcy number, while it reduces with enhancement in the Brinkman number and slip parameter.
H. Abd El-Wahed Khalifa
Abstract
This paper aims to study the multi-objective transportation problem with fuzzy parameters. These fuzzy parameters represented as (α, β) interval-valued fuzzy numbers instead of the normal fuzzy numbers. Using the signed distance ranking, the problem converted into the corresponding crisp ...
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This paper aims to study the multi-objective transportation problem with fuzzy parameters. These fuzzy parameters represented as (α, β) interval-valued fuzzy numbers instead of the normal fuzzy numbers. Using the signed distance ranking, the problem converted into the corresponding crisp multi-objective transportation problem. Then, the solution method introduced by [8] for solving the problem is applied. This method provides the ideal and the set of all fuzzy (α, β) efficient solutions. The advantage of this method is more flexible than the standard multi-objective transportation problem, where it allows the decision maker to choose the (α, β) levels of fuzzy numbers he is willing. A numerical example to illustrate the utility, effectiveness, and applicability of the method is given.
Numerical Analysis
F. Rahpeymaii; M. Kimiaei
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new adaptive trust-region approach to solve systems of nonlinear equations. In order to improve the efficiency of adaptive radius strategy proposed by Esmaeili and Kimiaei [8], Barzilai Borwein technique (BB) [3] with low memory is used which can truly control the trust-region ...
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In this paper, we introduce a new adaptive trust-region approach to solve systems of nonlinear equations. In order to improve the efficiency of adaptive radius strategy proposed by Esmaeili and Kimiaei [8], Barzilai Borwein technique (BB) [3] with low memory is used which can truly control the trust-region radius. In addition, the global convergence of the new approach is proved. Computational experience suggests that the new approach is more effective in practice in comparison with other adaptive trust-region algorithms.
Banking industry
S. Kumar-Das
Abstract
Because of uncertainty in the real life applications, reaching to the optimal solution is always time consuming and even sometimes impossible. In order to overcome these limitations the fuzzy set theory is introduced to handle it but not only incomplete information but also indeterminate and inconsistent ...
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Because of uncertainty in the real life applications, reaching to the optimal solution is always time consuming and even sometimes impossible. In order to overcome these limitations the fuzzy set theory is introduced to handle it but not only incomplete information but also indeterminate and inconsistent information which is common in real life conditions. In this paper, we have developed a new ranking function to solve a Fully Fuzzy Linear Fractional Programming (FFLFP). The ranking function is derived by replacing the non-parallel sides of the trapezoidal fuzzy number with non-linear functions. Various numerical examples are included and compared with the pre-existing methods.
Javad Pourqasem
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) technology is based on interconnected things in a dynamic and distributed environment. The IoT contains many widely pervasive and heterogeneous small things with limited storage, energy resources, and processing capacities. These limitations are an obstacle for developing IoT ...
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Internet of Things (IoT) technology is based on interconnected things in a dynamic and distributed environment. The IoT contains many widely pervasive and heterogeneous small things with limited storage, energy resources, and processing capacities. These limitations are an obstacle for developing IoT applications and involve challenging issues such as interoperability, scalability, performance, and availability. Cloud Computing is one of the promising approaches that can be integrated with IoT to overcome these limitations. The Cloud provides shared resources (network, storage, computing, and software) and is characterized by ubiquitous, low-cost, and virtualization features. This paper presents the Cloud-based IoT platform and describes the communication, processing, and storage properties of it. This platform can benefit from the resources and services of the Cloud to collect, transmit, analyze, process, and store the data generated by the heterogeneous things. We also represent the projects that have implemented the Cloud-based IoT platform.
Other
Sh. Sajana; D. Bharathi
Abstract
This paper deals with the number theoretic properties of non-unit elements of the ring Zn. Let D be the set of all non-trivial divisors of a positive integer n. Let D1 and D2 be the subsets of D having the least common multiple which are incongruent to zero modulo n with every other element of D ...
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This paper deals with the number theoretic properties of non-unit elements of the ring Zn. Let D be the set of all non-trivial divisors of a positive integer n. Let D1 and D2 be the subsets of D having the least common multiple which are incongruent to zero modulo n with every other element of D and congruent to zero modulo n with at least one another element of D, respectively. Then D can be written as the disjoint union of D1 and D2 in Zn. We explore the results on these sets based on all the characterizations of n. We obtain a formula for enumerating the cardinality of the set of all non-unit elements in Zn whose principal ideals are equal. Further, we present an algorithm for enumerating these sets of all non-unit elements.
Machine Learning
F. Furtado; A. Singh
Abstract
Nowadays, the recommendation system has made finding the things easy that we need. Movie recommendation systems aim at helping movie enthusiasts by suggesting what movie to watch without having to go through the long process of choosing from a large set of movies which go up to thousands and millions ...
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Nowadays, the recommendation system has made finding the things easy that we need. Movie recommendation systems aim at helping movie enthusiasts by suggesting what movie to watch without having to go through the long process of choosing from a large set of movies which go up to thousands and millions that is time consuming and confusing. In this article, our aim is to reduce the human effort by suggesting movies based on the user’s interests. To handle such problems, we introduced a model combining both content-based and collaborative approach. It will give progressively explicit outcomes compared to different systems that are based on content-based approach. Content-based recommendation systems are constrained to people, these systems don’t prescribe things out of the box, thus limiting your choice to explore more. Hence, we have focused on a system that resolves these issues.
Econometric Models
S.F. Fakhrehosseini; Meysam kaviani
Abstract
This paper attempts to solve a benchmark money in utility model by first order Taylor approximation to the policy function. After a brief summary of recent development in first order Taylor approximation in solving dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, we choose Sidrauski’s Money in utility ...
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This paper attempts to solve a benchmark money in utility model by first order Taylor approximation to the policy function. After a brief summary of recent development in first order Taylor approximation in solving dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, we choose Sidrauski’s Money in utility model as a standard model and follow the approach proposed by Uhlig [1] to solve for the recursive law of motion at first order.
Manufacturing and Logistics
A. Sharma; A. K. Sinha
Abstract
Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves of a range between 0.5 to 15 MHz to conduct testing. The basic principle and applications of ultrasonic testing techniques is enormous use under the domain of mechanical engineering applications. Importance of ultrasonic testing of rails, train wheels, ...
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Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves of a range between 0.5 to 15 MHz to conduct testing. The basic principle and applications of ultrasonic testing techniques is enormous use under the domain of mechanical engineering applications. Importance of ultrasonic testing of rails, train wheels, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, aeronautical defects in composite structures, testing of welds, and some other applications are increasing day by day. Literature survey reveals that it is a challenging task for practitioners and researchers to increase the efficiency of non-destructive testing techniques for identifying and localization defects in different mechanical engineering components/parts. Basic fundamentals applications of ultrasonic testing of metal, non-metal, ceramics, polymers, concrete, etc. are briefly explained. Present and future perspective of ultrasonic testing for mechanical engineering domain are discussed along with the sub new development in the area of ultrasonic testing.
Total quality management and quality engineering
E. Nassef; A. Mahmoud; H. Salah; Y. El-taweel
Abstract
The present study aims to removal of copper ions (Cu2+) as a heavy metal ion from aqueous solution by a high inorganic molecular weight compound. This compound is modified clay (activated bentonite) which is used in oil well drilling, and obtained from local company. The experimental results showed that ...
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The present study aims to removal of copper ions (Cu2+) as a heavy metal ion from aqueous solution by a high inorganic molecular weight compound. This compound is modified clay (activated bentonite) which is used in oil well drilling, and obtained from local company. The experimental results showed that it is an adsorption reaction that follows Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum removal of copper ions was obtained at low copper ion initial concentration, high adsorbent dosage, low temperature, and high agitation speed. It is clear from the results obtained that the compound within the experimental range investigated cannot be considered as a method for the removal of waste stream within the experimental range investigated as the residual concentration is higher than the limits which are allowed by the environmental limits which are allowed by the low which is 5 ppm. These results may be due to the high initial copper concentration used in this work and low dosage of the compound.
Kh. Ghaziyani; B. Ejlaly; S. F. Bagheri
Abstract
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique used to determine the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Results from DEA analysis yield important information regarding the optimal operating capabilities of each unit. This paper studies DEA to hospital sectors and identifies ...
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Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique used to determine the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Results from DEA analysis yield important information regarding the optimal operating capabilities of each unit. This paper studies DEA to hospital sectors and identifies their rankings during a period of six years. Data for the study comes from a hospital in the North of Iran. This article compares the performance of different parts of the hospital over the years. It can also aid improve hospital performance.
Computational Intelligence
P. Pandey
Abstract
Graphical passwords are the ways in which user click on the image or user can select the image to authenticate themselves instead of giving passwords. This technique is more secure that textual password techniques. In this article, the shoulder surfing preventive mechanism of graphical password authentication ...
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Graphical passwords are the ways in which user click on the image or user can select the image to authenticate themselves instead of giving passwords. This technique is more secure that textual password techniques. In this article, the shoulder surfing preventive mechanism of graphical password authentication is given. Finally the login password system is proposed to deal with such type of problems. First time, we are introducing a modified approach is given to resolve the shoulder surfing based on recall and recognition based concepts. Usually it is seen that the most common vulnerability of graphical password is shoulder surfing attack. This research aims to analyze the usability feature of recognition based and recall based graphical password methods and present a technique to apply an image based password that is safe from the shoulder surfing attack. In the similar context, the purpose of this paper is to present an alternative way to apply the recall and recognition based technique that will be protective for guess through shoulder surfing. And this graphical technique will be easy to memories the authentication password and process of authentication.
Scheduling
B. Naderi
Abstract
This paper considers the problem of university course timetabling. In this problem, there are a set of courses, lecturers and classrooms. The objective is to assign schedule courses so as to maximize the total preference of lecturer-course, lecturer-day and course-day. The paper first formulates the ...
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This paper considers the problem of university course timetabling. In this problem, there are a set of courses, lecturers and classrooms. The objective is to assign schedule courses so as to maximize the total preference of lecturer-course, lecturer-day and course-day. The paper first formulates the problem in form of linear integer programming model. Using the model and commercial software, the small sized instances are optimally solved. Then, the paper proposes three different algorithms based on imperialist competitive algorithm, simulated annealing and variable neighborhood search. The algorithms employ several novel procedures such as encoding scheme, move operator, crossing operators. The algorithms are tuned and evaluated with optimal solutions found by the model. Then, they are evaluated by comparing their performance. The results show that imperialist competitive algorithm outperforms the other algorithms.
Inventory, logistics, and transportation
H. Farrokhi-Asl; R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Abstract
This paper is an extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem (VRP) consisting of two stages. The first and second stages deal with the vehicle routing and transportation problems, respectively. Waste collection is one of the applications of the considered problem in a real world situation. A ...
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This paper is an extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem (VRP) consisting of two stages. The first and second stages deal with the vehicle routing and transportation problems, respectively. Waste collection is one of the applications of the considered problem in a real world situation. A new mathematical model for this type of the problem is presented that minimizes the waste collection cost and decreases the risk posed to the environment for hazardous wastes transportation simultaneously. According to the NP-hard nature of the problem, a new multi-objective hybrid cultural and genetic algorithm (MOHCG) is proposed to obtain Pareto solutions. A straightforward representation for coding the given model is proposed to help us in reducing the computational time. To validate the proposed algorithm, a number of test problems are conducted and the obtained results are compared with the results of the well-known multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), with respect to some comparison metrics. Finally, the conclusion is provided.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
M. Nayebi; F Hosseinzadeh Lotfi
Abstract
The science of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluates the effectiveness of decision making units. But, one of the problems of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is that, if the number of units with the same efficiency equal to one was more than one, then we couldn’t select the best between them. ...
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The science of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluates the effectiveness of decision making units. But, one of the problems of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is that, if the number of units with the same efficiency equal to one was more than one, then we couldn’t select the best between them. It means that, we can’t rank them. Therefore, the need for ranking these units is considered by the managers. Different methods were proposed in this context. Most of these methods are modeled by DEA models. Due to the variety of ranking methods in DEA, this paper will describe ranking methods which are based on super-efficiency. More precisely, we introduced methods that rank using elimination (removing) of decision making units under the evaluation of observations(set). These methods have some advantages and disadvantages such as, model feasibility or infeasibility, stability or instability, being linear or nonlinear, being radial or non-radial, existence or non- existence of bounded optimal solution in objective function, existence or non- existence of multiple optimal solution, non-extreme efficient units ranking, complexity or simplicity of computational processes, that in this paper, Super Efficiency methods are compared with these eight properties.
Other
A. Y. Ali
Abstract
This paper discusses the application of TPM in copy centre in Woldia University located in Woldia town, north wollo, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The problem encountered in the centre includes long waiting time due to frequent breakdown of equipment, unpleasant work environment, defective product etc. This ...
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This paper discusses the application of TPM in copy centre in Woldia University located in Woldia town, north wollo, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The problem encountered in the centre includes long waiting time due to frequent breakdown of equipment, unpleasant work environment, defective product etc. This leads to disrupt of the university programs such as exams, trainings and so on. This paper uses TPM for solving the above mentioned problem by employing Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). The OEE value on the centre is 35% which is less than world class standard of 85%. Therefore, the center needs urgent improvement in typical equipment maintenance management program. Advantages of TPM for the center includes better utilized equipment, clean and pleasant workplace, highly motivated employee, and satisfied customer.
Human factors, ergonomics, and safety
Md. Rahman; Md. Hasan; Ms. B. Datta
Abstract
This study has been carried out to evaluate the number of mismatches between secondary girl student’s anthropometry and existing furniture dimensions in Bangladesh. In this study, 375 students (girls) are in classes 6-10 in the age group between 10-15 years that have randomly selected from three ...
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This study has been carried out to evaluate the number of mismatches between secondary girl student’s anthropometry and existing furniture dimensions in Bangladesh. In this study, 375 students (girls) are in classes 6-10 in the age group between 10-15 years that have randomly selected from three secondary girl schools in Bangladesh. Twelve anthropometric measurements and seven existing furniture dimensions were taken to find out the possible mismatch. A defined match criterion equation used to determine the mismatch. Various researchers gave these equations. The result indicates that there is a significant mismatch between anthropometric measurement and furniture dimensions. The highest mismatch percentage for seat height is about 90% for class 9. Therefore, 90% of girls use the seat that is too high (high mismatch). Mismatch percentage for seat depth is 100% for all classes. As a result, seat depth is so small for all students. Seat width is 100% for class 8 and 60% for class 9. The desktop height is about 100% mismatch for all classes. This paper also proposes dimensions for new furniture. The new furniture improves the match percentages from 50% to 100%.
